I think in comments you mentioned using maintenance plans. Its been a long time, almost over 6 years since i have used maintenance plans to perform database maintenance. But per my knowledge those are tracked under SQL server agent job history , so you can query msdb database to get those metrics.
However i personally recommend doing this via ola hallengren integrity checks. It has a very useful parameter called LogToTable which will capture all the needed information for your DBCC CHECKDB related metrics. You can then do further analysis on run time and additional info logged.
Note- Using that tool gives you wide range of additional parameters to improve the performance of CHECKDB