I have seen a number of 555 timer voltage doubler circuits. I am building a fm radio transmitter like this one: 
I understand that the higher voltage the farther the transmission range. Would this doubler suit my purpose. Also would it drain the battery quicker assumming a four AA supply. Also, could I replace the 1n4004 diodes with 1n4001 diodes?
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Just a warning: be aware that unlicensed transmission over the FM band can result in fines, or worse: https://www.fcc.gov/guides/low-power-broadcast-radio-stations. As far as I know, most countries have similar rules. – MBaz Apr 14 '15 at 17:30
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That circuit should work, and will provide the necessary current at your doubled input voltage. Currently at 9V, it looks like your transmitter there will draw a bit over 9mA fully loaded. At 18V, it would draw 18mA. That extra 9V and 9mA doesn't come for free though, you will have 1/4 the battery life that you do at 9V.
1N4001 are rated for 50V reverse voltage, 1N4004's are rated for 400V reverse voltage, so for that doubler, there shouldn't be much difference.
