This is probably an impossible question to answer, as different universities will all offer slightly different offerings. The Art of Electronics is a good book for learning the subject; as mentioned in the comments it focuses on practical examples which has positives and negatives.
There are also elements of an EE degree that are not covered (or only briefly covered) in the Art of Electronics. These include things like computer programming, processor architecture, FPGAs and circuit simulation. So whilst the contents of AoE might serve you well into your final years (and beyond) of an EE degree in one sub-discipline, you might run out of content very quickly in another. As another example, EE degrees often include modules/courses in mathematics, which will not be taught in this book.
As with most things, learning is helped and reinforced by doing. Therefore, reading is one way of understanding knowledge, but actually building or simulating circuits will help reinforce that knowledge.
The other thing to consider is that different books are generally better at teaching different things. For example, if you are interested in switched mode power supplies, there are definitely alternatives that go into more detail. No one book will be able to condense 4/5 years of an EE degree into several hundred pages, so I want to encourage your interest and recommend you look into as many other ways to learn as possible including other books, app notes, simulating, coding and circuit building.