Around what percent of energy provided by gasoline is lost as heat due to rolling friction in vehicles? Is this number higher for larger vehicles likes trucks than smaller vehicles like bikes?
Ultimately, I want to know if energy loss due to ground friction is a problem and whether an attempt to decrease rolling friction can help to resolve the inefficiency?
There are 2 standards. One of them is called towing resistance and means obviously the slow towing force on flat solid pavement required to keep a loaded wheel rolling.
It is a fraction of wheel load and usually for cars and trucks it is in the range of 0.0045 to 0.008 and for bicycles with 120psi tire pressure 0.002. if we multiply this by 100 we get the percent factor.
Some tire manufacturers produce performance tires with less rolling resistance.
See the table in this Wikipedia article.
