If I connect a piece of heavy copper wire or copper rod to the antenna cap of a magnetron can I guide the current so that microwaves would be emitted further away ?
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Yes, but at microwave frequencies most cable connections are lossy. So instead, a waveguide is used which is a hollow metal pipe that exhibits low losses, confines the microwaves, conducts them to where you want them, and beams them out into space through a special antenna called a feed horn.
Lots of info on waveguides and feed horns can be found on the amateur radio stack exchange, which is populated by very helpful people.
niels nielsen
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