I saw that there are radars which can detect people behind walls, so I wonder what the limitations of radars are when it comes to detecting people while being protected behind thick ceramic shield.
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Without knowing much about radar or radio-penetration of ceramics, I'll have to say a meter of almost anything is a lot. Generally, lower frequencies penetrate better so a lower frequency would give a better chance of getting through the ceramic barrier. The bad news is, the lower the frequency, the lower the resolution.
There exist perimeter surveillance radar that is high frequency (5GHz and up) that works quite well watching for people. The plant I used to work at had a microwave intruder detection system that would set off the radar detectors of cars driving near by on the highway. That would not be able to pass through a meter of anything with much more density than air.
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can go through meters of material but does better with a special transducer in contact with the ground to broadcast and receive the resulting echoes (or lack thereof). I dimly recall that GPR can detect voids underground but not what's inside the voids. If you set up GPR with a meter thick radome, it could detect that there was an outside (gee) but not much else.
There also exist lower frequencies that could pass through a meter of solid material without (much) issue. The problem is they are so low, they would pass through the ceramic and people on the outside, equally well. But that's OK because with frequencies that low, the resolution would be such that you could not detect much of objects as small as a person (or a barn, either).
The short version, No, I don't think so.
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