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1500 questions
241
votes
19 answers

In my /etc/hosts/ file on Linux/OSX, how do I do a wildcard subdomain?

I need to test sub-domains on my localhost. How can I effectively have this result of adding *.localhost.com to my /etc/hosts/ file? If it's not possible, how do I work around this problem? I need to test wildcard sub-domains on my localserver. …
MikeN
  • 8,602
240
votes
9 answers

When does /tmp get cleared?

I'm taking to putting various files in /tmp, and I wondered about the rules on deleting them? I'm imagining it's different for different distributions, and I'm particularly interested in Ubuntu and Fedora desktop versions. But a nice general way of…
239
votes
7 answers

How to force or redirect to SSL in nginx?

I have a signup page on a subdomain like: https://signup.example.com It should only be accessible via HTTPS but I'm worried people might somehow stumble upon it via HTTP and get a 404. My html/server block in nginx looks like this: html { server…
Callmeed
  • 2,745
239
votes
8 answers

How do you validate fstab without rebooting?

I modified /etc/fstab. I verified the new devices and I can mount them with the mount command. How may I validate the modifications made to /etc/fstab ?
Luc M
  • 3,600
237
votes
7 answers

How do you add a Windows environment variable without rebooting?

I would like to add an Environment variable to a Windows machine (desktop or server) and be able to use it without rebooting that machine. Say you have a production server which hosts a variety of apps and a new app needs a particular Environment…
236
votes
14 answers

Shell command to monitor changes in a file

I know there was a command on Unix that I could use to monitor a file and see changes that are getting written to it. This was quite useful especially for checking log files. Do you know what it is called?
235
votes
4 answers

What's the best way of handling permissions for Apache 2's user www-data in /var/www?

Has anyone got a nice solution for handling files in /var/www? We're running Name Based Virtual Hosts and the Apache 2 user is www-data. We've got two regular users & root. So when messing with files in /var/www, rather than having to... chown -R…
Gareth
  • 8,733
235
votes
5 answers

nginx HTTPS serving with same config as HTTP

Is there a way to share configuration directives across two nginx server {} blocks? I'd like to avoid duplicating the rules, as my site's HTTPS and HTTP content are served with the exact same config. Currently, it's like this: server { listen 80; …
ceejayoz
  • 33,432
234
votes
13 answers

How do I load a sql.gz file to my database? (importing)

I'm trying to import a gzipped SQL file into mysql directly. Is this the right way? mysql -uroot -ppassword mydb > myfile.sql.gz
Alex
  • 8,839
234
votes
9 answers

How to check sshd log?

I have Ubuntu 9.10 installed with sshd and I can successfully connect to it using login and password. I have configured an RSA key login and now have "Server refused our key" as expected. Ok, now I want to check sshd log in order to figure out a…
grigoryvp
  • 3,975
232
votes
10 answers

How to check if a library is installed?

In Linux, how do I check if a library is installed or not? (from the command line of course). In my specific case now, I want to check whether libjpeg is installed.
hasen
  • 2,604
232
votes
4 answers

Symlink not updating as expected when using an absolute with relative path

I am trying to use symbolic links. I did some reading and found the following commands: Creation -> ln -s {/path/to/file-name} {link-name} Update -> ln -sfn {/path/to/file-name} {link-name} Deletion -> rm {link-name} Creations and deletions work…
228
votes
17 answers

Permission denied (publickey). SSH from local Ubuntu to Amazon EC2 server

I have an instance of an application running in the cloud on an Amazon EC2 instance, and I need to connect to it from my local Ubuntu. It works fine on one local ubuntu and also laptop. I got this message, Permission denied (publickey)., when trying…
Vorleak Chy
  • 2,421
227
votes
5 answers

Difference in sites-available vs sites-enabled vs conf.d directories (Nginx)?

I have some experience using linux but none using nginx. I have been tasked with researching load-balancing options for an application server. I have used apt-get to install nginx and all seems fine. I have a couple of questions. What is the…
224
votes
8 answers

Setting the hostname: FQDN or short name?

I've noticed that the "preferred" method of setting the system hostname is fundamentally different between Red Hat/CentOS and Debian/Ubuntu systems. CentOS documentation and the RHEL deployment guide say the hostname should be the…
Cakemox
  • 26,021