In database managements systems lecture, my professor said that we can use Oracle etc. ui designing tools instead of using Visual C# or etc. He added that SQL is as strong as a programming language. So I wonder why do we still use these programming languages for desktop applications which mostly adds/deletes/updates records? Is there any performance difference? What's the main reason? And if the business world applies it like that why we still try to learn a programming language instead of focusing on SQL?
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SQL is difficult to use for certain tasks. Most notably, user interfaces as it cannot do infinite loops in its base form and would have trouble specifying where coordinates should be. It's very difficult to program at a low level in SQL as well since you cannot specify machine level operations in a declarative fashion with any real level of efficiency.
There are instances where SQL does not scale well, particularly in web-based distributed architectures. It is has issues dealing with binary data files, something that C or Perl has little trouble with. For more real-time applications like Games or Space Probes, SQL imposes too much overhead in terms of memory usage at that level of abstraction.